Click to listen to episode (3:50)
Sections below are the following:
Transcript of Audio
Audio Notes and Acknowledgments
Images
Sources
Related Water Radio Episodes
For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.)
Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 1-15-21.
TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO
From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of January 18, 2021. This episode is a revised repeat of an episode from January 2015.
MUSIC – ~16 sec – instrumental
This week, we feature a tune whose name and note patterns
recall how rivers and streams follow laws of energy and physics. Have a
listen for about 40 seconds.
MUSIC – ~39 sec – instrumental
You’ve been listening to part of “Minor Meander,” by No Strings Attached, on their 1999 album, “In the Vinyl Tradition Volume II,” from Enessay Music. As the tune repeatedly builds up and then cascades down, it captures the pattern of solar energy evaporating water up into the atmosphere, and gravitational energy pulling water back to the landscape, through stream and river channels, and ultimately to the ocean. That energy gives water the force to erode and shape a stream’s channel and floodplain. Water’s erosive force—which varies depending on the water’s rate of flow—meets different levels of resistance in the various kinds of rocks, soils, living things, and human structures over which water flows. The complicated interaction between stream force and materials resistance results in a variety of stream-channel patterns. These pattern range from straight, single-channel streams to braided rivers with many winding and intersecting channels. One of the possible patterns is large changes in direction, called meanders or bends, seen famously in the Seven Bends area of the North Fork Shenandoah River in Shenandoah County, Va.
Thanks to No Strings Attached for permission to use this
week’s music, and we close with about 15 more seconds of musical energy in
“Minor Meander.”
MUSIC – ~15 sec – instrumental
SHIP’S BELL
Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment. For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624. Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show. In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water.
AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 248, 1-12-15.
“Minor Meander” and “In the Vinyl Tradition Volume II” are copyright by No Strings Attached and Enessay Music, used with permission. “Minor Meander” was composed by Wes Chappell and appeared originally on No Strings Attached’s 1986 album, “Dulcimer Dimensions.” More information about the now-retired group No Strings Attached is available online at https://www.enessay.com/index.html. This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 500, 11-25-19.
Thanks to Kevin McGuire, associate director of the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, for his help with this episode.
Click
here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the
“Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes
this episode. More
information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr.
Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com.
IMAGES
Post card image
(dated between 1930 and 1945) of part of the Seven Bends of the North Fork
Shenandoah River, in Shenandoah County, Virginia. From the Boston Public
Library, made available for use (with no known copyright restrictions) by the
Digital Pubic Library of America, online at https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:2z10wt39r.
SOURCES
Used for Audio
Encyclopedia
Britannica, “Meander,” online at http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/371575/meander.
Nancy D. Gordon et al., Stream Hydrology: An Introduction for
Ecologists, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1992.
National Park Service, “Fluvial Features—Meandering Stream,” online at https://www.nps.gov/articles/meandering-stream.htm.
Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, “Seven Bends State Park,” online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state-parks/seven-bends.
For More Information about Watersheds, Streams and Rivers, and Other Water Science Topics
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Water Science School,” online at https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school.
RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES
All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html). See particularly the “Rivers, Streams, and Other Surface Water” subject category.
Following are links to some
other episodes on patterns in streams, rivers, and watersheds.
Estuaries – Episode 326, 7-25-16.
Forks in Waterways –
Episode 545, 10-5-20.
Headwater Streams – Episode 397, 12-4-17.
Mountain Gaps – Episode 288, 11-2-15.
River Bluffs – Episode 173, 8-5-13.
Virginia's
Peninsulas – Episode 273, 7-6-15
Watersheds – Episode 156, 4-8-13; Episode 209, 4-14-14; Episode 251, 2-2-15.
FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION
Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode’s audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post.
2020 Music SOLs
SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.”
2018 Science SOLs
Grades K-3 plus 5: Force,
Motion, and Energy
2.2 – Different types of forces may cause an object’s motion
to change.
3.2 – Direction and size of force affects the motion of an
object.
5.2 – Energy can take many forms.
5.3 – There is a relationship between force and energy of
moving objects.
Grades K-3 plus 5: Matter
3.3 – Materials interact with water.
5.7 – Matter has properties and interactions.
Grades K-5: Earth and
Space Systems
K.10 – Change occurs over time.
5.8 – Earth constantly changes.
Grades K-5: Earth
Resources
3.8 – Natural events and humans influence ecosystems.
4.8. – Virginia has important natural resources.
Grade 6
6.4 – There are basic sources of energy and that energy can
be transformed.
6.6 – Water has unique physical properties and has a role in
the natural and human-made environment.
6.8 – Land and water have roles in watershed systems.
Physical
Science
PS.8
– Work,
force, and motion are related.
Earth Science
ES.8 – Freshwater resources influence and are influenced by
geologic processes and human activity.
Physics
PH.4 – Conservation laws govern all interactions.
2015 Social Studies SOLs
Grades K-3 Geography
Theme
1.6 – Virginia climate, seasons, and landforms.
Virginia Studies
Course
VS.10 – Knowledge of government, geography, and economics in
present-day Virginia.
World Geography Course
WG.2 – How selected physical and ecological processes shape
the Earth’s surface, including climate, weather, and how humans influence their
environment and are influenced by it.
Virginia’s SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/.
Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade
levels.
Episode
250,1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.
Episode
255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade.
Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living
vs. non-living, for kindergarten.
Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on
temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12th
grade.
Episode
333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases,
especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade.
Episode 403, 1-15-18 – on freezing
and ice, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.
Episode
404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8th
grade.
Episode
406, 2-5-18 – on ice on rivers, for middle school.
Episode
407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics, for high school.
Episode
483, 7-29-19 – on buoyancy and drag, for middle school and high school.
Episode
524, 5-11-20 – on sounds by water-related animals, for elementary school
through high school.
Episode
531, 6-29-20 – on various ways that animals get water, for 3rd
and 4th grade.
Episode
539, 8-24-20 – on basic numbers and facts about Virginia’s water resources,
for 4th and 6th grade.
